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Dysphagia

Difficulty in swallowing

Causes

  • Neuromuscular ALS , Multiple sclerosis, Myasthenia gravis, Stroke
  • Achalasia
  • Distal esophageal spasm
  • Hypertensive LES
  • Esophageal ring
  • Structural Carcinoma , Infections of pharynx or neck , Zenker Diverticulum , Thyromegaly
  • Foreign body
  • Peptic stricture
  • Caustic ingestion – Acid and Alkali

Clinical features

  • Heartburn
  • Indigestion
  • Acid regurgitation
  • Bitter belching

Treatment

  • Lifestyle modification
  • Treat the underlying cause