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Oesophageal cancer
Adenocarcinoma8th most common cancer worldwide. It is the 6th leading cause of mortality worldwide.
Types :
Squamous cell carcinoma
Risk factors
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Tobacco
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Alcoholic beverages
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Low consumption of fruits and vegetables
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GERD
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Obesity
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Barrett’s Esophagus
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Achalasia
Clinical features
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Early stages, most patients are asymptomatic
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Progressive dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing) – Initially for solid but progresses to liquids in later stages
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Weight loss
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Iron deficiency anemia
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Palpable cervical lymphnode
Diagnosis
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Non -specific test can reveal an anemia (low Hb)
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Endoscopic biopsies
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Other tests like CECT chest and abdomen , PET scan , EUS
Treatment
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Best treatment approach is surgical .
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Advanced cancer are treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgical
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In advanced cancer Esophageal stent can be placed to improve dysphagia