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Gallstone disease

The prevalence of gall bladder stones are increasing day by day due to increase obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Women have higher incidence of gallstone compare to male.

Risk factors

  • Female gender
  • Middle aged
  • Obesity
  • Hypertriglyceridemia
  • High amount of total calories
  • Pregnancy
  • Rapid weight loss
  • Total parenteral nutrition

Symptoms

  • Gallstones are diagnosed incidentally on USG , many patients are asymptomatic
  • Upper abdominal pain radiating back
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Fever

Diagnosis

  • Slightly raised bilirubin level
  • USG= Sensitivity of USG for detection of gallstones in the gallbladder is greater than 95% for stones larger than 2mm.
  • CT abdomen
  • Endoscopic ultrasonography

Treatment

  • Medical treatment is not affective treatment
  • Asymptomatic stone treatment varies from patient to patient, sometimes regular follow up is recommended
  • Surgery is the proven treatment for gallstones